知识与财富的链接
在区域洪涝灾害频发的背景下,城市公园系统的规划与建设是城市防灾减灾体系中的重要一环。2012年,台风桑迪(Sandy)给纽约造成了人员伤亡、电力设施受损、交通系统瘫痪、城际交通中断、海水倒灌导致的内涝等诸多后果,促使整个社会开始思考防灾抗灾应对措施及城市自身韧性和适应性问题。基于该背景,以纽约市2013、2015年总体规划和2016、2017、2018、2019年总体规划实施的评估版本为基础,从构成模块、建设统筹、执行策略方面进行比较,解读和分析总体规划为导向下的响应区域洪涝灾害的纽约城市公园系统。分析发现,纽约市总体城市规划在落实“规划前评估”“规划中监控”“规划后评价”方面形成持续跟踪、协同、补充的动态监控式评价机制。在该机制主导下,执行部门构建、量化和细化基于上位总体规划的“愿景-策略-行动”指标体系,形成依托纽约城市公园系统的可操作性强的政策与行动,从而助力于响应区域洪涝灾害的城市建设和城市可持续发展的总体目标。
In the context of frequent regional floods, the planning and construction of the urban park system is an important part of the urban disaster prevention and mitigation system. Typhoon "Sandy" in 2012 caused many consequences to New York, such as casualties, damage to power facilities, traffic system paralysis, inter-city traffic interruption, and waterlogging caused by seawater intrusion, and prompted the whole society to start thinking about disaster prevention and response measures and the resilience and adaptability of the city itself. Based on this background, a review is conducted based on the 2013, and 2015 master plans of New York City and the evaluation version of the 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019 progress reports. It compares the building blocks, construction planning, and execution strategies, and interprets and analyzes the response under the master plan of the New York City park system for regional floods. The analysis finds that the overall urban planning of New York City has formed a dynamic monitoring evaluation mechanism for continuous tracking, coordination, and supplementation in the implementation of "pre-planning evaluation", "planning monitoring", and "post-planning evaluation". Under the guidance of this mechanism, the executive department builds, quantifies, and refines the indicator system of "vision strategy action" based on the upper master plan to form operable policies and actions relying on the New York City Park System, thus contributing to the overall goal of urban construction and urban sustainable development in response to regional flood disasters
