Based on the evolution of grain trade pattern since the founding of the People’s Republic of China and the new issues in grain trade, this paper analyzes the potential path and risks of expanding the import of rice and wheat. Viewing from quantity, China’s import demand of rice and wheat can be met in the future. Import diversification should be considered comprehensively from price, quality, transportation, trade policy,political risk, production fluctuation, seasonal difference and other factors, combined with the overall pattern of agricultural imports. In the future, Myanmar, India, Cambodia, Brazil and the United States are the options for rice import; Kazakhstan, Russia, France, Ukraine, Argentina, Germany, Bulgaria and Romania are the options for wheat import. During the 14th Five-year Plan period and for a long time to come, we will continue to be self-sufficient based on domestic grain production and strengthen market regulation; Actively explore new import channels to prevent the risk of excessive concentration of import sources; Cultivate large grain dealers who can control over grain trade so as to have more right of speech in grain trade; and actively participate in formulating rules for international trade in agricultural products and have more of a chance for our voices to be heard in the international market.