目的 探讨贵州省12~16岁儿童青少年行为问题现状及其相关因素,为儿童青少年行为问题预防和干预提供参考。 方法 采用分层整群抽样方法,于2021年8—12月选取贵州省贵阳、都匀、凯里3个不同经济发展水平市的12所中小学校的3 217名12~16岁儿童青少年为研究对象,采用自编一般情况调查表、父母用儿童行为量表对儿童青少年监护人进行调查。 结果 儿童青少年行为问题检出率为16.60%,其中男生为14.41%,女生为18.62%。Logistic回归分析结果显示,与身边同龄人关系一般或较好与儿童青少年行为问题发生风险呈负相关;非父母为主要看护人、孩子每天屏幕时间为1~2 h、孩子每天屏幕时间>2 h、无体育爱好、父亲教养方式为溺爱型或忽视型、母亲教养方式为溺爱型、父亲有不良生活嗜好、父亲偶尔生病、母亲偶尔生病与儿童青少年行为问题发生风险呈正相关(OR值分别为0.25,0.16,1.44,1.47,2.75,1.36,1.85,2.01,2.12,1.69,1.30,1.38,P值均 < 0.05)。 结论 贵州省儿童青少年行为问题发生率与自身不良生活习惯和家庭环境中的多种因素有关。家庭、学校及相关职能部门应发挥自身优势,采取综合措施预防儿童青少年行为问题发生。
Objective To explore the current status related to behavioral problems among children and adolescents aged 12-16 years old in Guizhou Province, China, and to provide a reference for timely prevention and intervention measures. Methods To capture different economic development levels, a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used. A total of 3 217 children and adolescents aged 12-16 years old from six middle schools and six primary schools in Guiyang, Duyun, Kaili City from Guizhou Province participated in this study. The Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and a self-designed questionnaire were administered between August and December 2021. Results The overall detection rate of behavioral problems among the students was 16.60%, and the rate was 14.41% and 18.62% among male and female students, respectively. The results of the Logistic regression analysis showed that good peer relationships (OR=0.25, 0.16, P < 0.05) were associated with a lower risk of behavioral problems in children and adolescents. However, the following factors were associated with an elevated risk of behavioral problems: nonparents as the main caregivers(OR=1.44); children's daily screen time was 1-2 h (OR=1.47) or more than 2 h(OR=2.75); children who had no sports hobbies(OR=1.36); father parenting for doting or neglect(OR=1.85, 2.01); maternal parenting for doting(OR=2.12); father had bad life habits(OR=1.69); father and mother were occasionally sick(OR=1.30, 1.38)(P < 0.05). Conclusion Behavioral problems among children and adolescents in Guizhou Province is related to children's unhealthy living habits and various factors in the family environment. It is suggested that families, schools and relevant functional departments give full play to their own advantages and take comprehensive measures to prevent the occurrence of behavioral problems among children and adolescents.
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