Objective  To understand the current epidemic and immunity status of hepatitis B virus in Ma'anshan City, and to compare the prevention and control effect after the adjustment of hepatitis B vaccine immunization strategy.  Methods  Multi-stage random sampling method was used to select 10 investigation points in the whole city, a random sample of 3 460 people under 60 years old was included according to urban and rural stratification. questionnaires and blood were collected from the subjects, and domestic enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for hepatitis B immunoglobulins detection.  Results  The total positive rate of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B virus surface antibody (HBsAb) and Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was 3.32%, 51.21% and 29.16% respectively. The positive rate of HBsAb in urban area was higher than that in rural area (χ2=28.204, P<0.001). The positive rate of HBsAb was significantly different between the medical and nursing staff and other occupational groups (χ2=22.772, P<0.001). The difference of HBsAb positive rate before and after HepB vaccine content adjustment was statistically significant (χ2=90.331, P<0.001). The rate of HepB decreased with age (χ_trend2=1 984.342, P<0.001).  Conclusions  Since HepB was incorporated into the immunization program, hepatitis B prevention and control in school-age children has achieved remarkable results. More attention should be paid on the low positive rate of HBsAb in students and the low immunization rate of HepB in adults.