知识与财富的链接
为提高内蒙古阴山北麓旱作农区水分利用效率,对比分析了生物炭和有机肥配施(BM)、生物炭(B)、有机肥(M)、不施生物炭和有机肥(CK)4种不同耕种方式对燕麦、全生育阶段土壤水分时空变化、土壤耗水特征及燕麦关键生育期农艺性状、产量构成和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,生物炭和有机肥及两者配施均可促进燕麦生长发育,以灌浆期为例,与CK相比,B、M和BM处理下燕麦株高分别提高17.73%、22.29%和26.03%,单株叶面积分别提高13.32%、17.05%和23.67%,地上部干物质积累量分别提高6.48%、7.39%和20.30%,燕麦生育前中期生物炭效果优于有机肥,生育后期有机肥施用效果优于生物炭,两者耦合效果最好;BM处理可提高0～40 cm土壤含水量1.65%～19.12%,显著降低燕麦土壤贮水消耗11.34%～20.09%,总耗水量降低0.38%～0.88%,施用生物炭保水减耗效果强于有机肥,随着生育期推进和降水增加,两者效果差异逐渐减小;在产量方面,BM处理可同时显著提高收获穗数、穗粒数和单穗粒重,促进燕麦籽粒产量形成和水分利用,籽粒产量提高7.63%～14.80%,水分利用效率提高8.62%～16.64%。生物炭和有机肥配施可显著促进旱作燕麦生长,有效保持土壤水分,提高燕麦水分利用效率和产量,是适宜内蒙古阴山北麓地区旱作燕麦种植的抗旱保墒技术措施。
To improve the water use efficiency in dry farming areas at the northern foothill of Yinshan mountain in Inner Mongolia,the effects of four different tillage methods,namely,biochar and organic manure combined(BM),biochar alone(B),organic manure alone(M)and no biochar and organic manure(CK),on the temporal and spatial changes of soil moisture,soil water consumption characteristics,and agronomic traits,yield components and water use efficiency in key growth stages of oats were compared and analyzed.The results showed that biochar,organic manure and their combination promoted the growth and development of oats.Compared with CK,the plant height of B,M and BM oats increased by 17.73%,22.29% and 26.03%,respectively,the leaf area per plant increased by 13.32%,17.05% and 23.67%,and the aboveground dry matter increased by 6.48%,7.39% and 20.30%,respectively.The effect of biochar was better than that of organic manure in the early and middle stages of oat growth,and the effect of organic manure was better than that of biochar in the late growth,and the coupling effect was the best.BM increased soil water content of 0～40 cm by 1.65%～19.12%,significantly reduced oat soil water storage consumption by 11.34%～20.09%,and total water consumption by 0.38%～0.88%.The effect of biochar on water conservation and consumption reduction was stronger than that of organic manure.With the growth period and precipitation increasing,the difference between the two effects decreased gradually.In terms of yield,BM simultaneously significantly increased the number of harvested spikes,grain number per spike and grain weight per spike,and promoted the formation of grain yield and water use efficiency of oats.Grain yield increased by 7.63%～14.80%,and water use efficiency increases by 8.62%～16.64%.Combined application of biochar and organic manure can significantly promote the growth of dryland oats,effectively maintain soil moisture,and improve water use efficiency and yield of oats.It is a drought-resistant and moisture-conserving technical measure suitable for dryland oat planting in the northern foothill of Yinshan mountain in Inner Mongolia.
