The harmonious coexistence of referees and athletes is very important to prevent the safety risks of sports events and promote the healthy development of sports events. By using the methods of literature and logical analysis, taking the three elements of symbiosis theory as the logical main line, this paper studies the symbiotic relationship between referees and athletes in China. It is believed that the important reasons for the conflict between referees and athletes are the failure to meet the expected value, the limited effectiveness of the symbiotic norms of the competition, and the failure to allocate resources reasonably. It is proposed that: the autonomy of the subject should be strengthened by reshaping the trust mechanism, establishing achievement motivation and optimizing the symbiotic environment; the effectiveness of constraints should be improved by improving the awareness of rules, strengthening moral norms, and strengthening the construction of the rule of law; resource allocation should be improved by creating a communication platform, improving management systems, and unblocking appeal channels. It aims to promote the harmonious coexistence of referees and athletes.