Understanding the dynamic changes of vegetation cover and its response to climate change is of great significance for the protection and construction of regional ecological environments. Based on the SPOT/VEGETATION NDVI data, the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of NDVI and its response to climate change between 2001-2018 in the whole area as well as in different types of vegetation cover zones of the Baiyangdian Basin were analyzed by using Sen+Mann-Kendall trend analysis, fluctuation analysis, and correlation analysis. The results indicate that: (1) From 2001 to 2018, vegetation NDVI in the whole region showed an increasing trend, with an increase rate of 0.0031/a, and 53.79% area passed the significance test (P<0.05). The NDVI of coniferous forests, broad-leaved forests, bushland, grassland, and meadows showed an obvious increasing trend (P<0.05), but the NDVI of swamp and cultivated land did not show obvious change. (2) The fluctuation of vegetation NDVI in the whole region was low. The fluctuation of NDVI was significantly low in 67.81% area of the region (P<0.05). Except in grassland and meadows, significantly low fluctuation was observed at over 50% of the area in all other vegetation types. (3) There was a weak correlation between NDVI and temperature. Except for swamp and cultivated land, the response of NDVI to precipitation was more consistent for the remaining vegetation types, with a significant positive correlation (P<0.05). The effect of temperature on NDVI was not significant at the watershed scale and in different vegetation types. The results of this study have certain significance for understanding the mechanism of impact of climate change on vegetation growth and for regional ecological environment protection and governance.