焦家金矿是胶东蚀变岩型金矿的典型代表,金储量超过200t。矿体受焦家主干断裂控制,呈脉状产出,发育钾化、绢英岩化、硅化和碳酸盐化等蚀变,矿石中主要载金矿物为黄铁矿。热液成矿期主要可分为四个阶段:黄铁矿-石英阶段(ⅰ)、金-石英-黄铁矿阶段(ⅱ)、金-石英-多金属硫化物阶段(ⅲ)和石英-碳酸盐阶段(ⅳ)。本文选取焦家金矿床深部I号主矿体为研究对象,采集了不同标高(-600~-1100m)的钻孔岩心样品,分析了黄铁矿的微量元素和S-He-Ar同位素组成,以此讨论成矿流体的组成、性质及来源。研究发现:焦家深部I号矿体黄铁矿呈浅黄色,强金属光泽,自形-半自形粒状结构,粒度50~1000μm,呈浸染状-细脉状分布于黄铁绢英岩化碎裂岩中,为第ii成矿阶段的产物。黄铁矿的稀土元素含量较低,ΣREE为3.27×10-6~38.5×10-6,富集轻稀土元素,δCe值为0.81~1.05,δEu值为0.67~1.43,Th/La、Nb/La比值均小于1,指示成矿流体为富Cl的还原性流体。Co/Ni比值介于0.54~1.57之间,平均值为0.99,与变质流体相近;Y/Ho比值在21.9~35.5之间,与地幔值(25~30)和中国东部大陆地壳值(20~35)接近,指示成矿流体与壳-幔相互作用有关。Y/Ho值、Zr/Hf值和Nb/Ta值变化范围较大,表明成矿热液体系发生了交代作用或有外来热液加入。与大陆地壳相比,黄铁矿富集Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Co、Ni等亲硫、铁族元素,亏损高场强元素。焦家深部金矿床黄铁矿的δ34S值介于7.5‰~9.8‰之间,平均值为8.7‰,低于浅部矿床δ34S值,呈现出由浅到深δ34S值逐渐降低的特点。胶东金矿硫同位素组成整体一致,绝大多数矿床δ34S值均为正值,变化范围主要集中在6‰~12‰,其来源与古老的变质基底岩系、中生代花岗岩以及幔源流体具有继承演化关系。δ34S值整体呈现出:石英脉型 < 硫化物石英脉型 < 蚀变岩型的变化规律,说明矿化类型的差异是造成硫同位素组成差别的最主要因素。黄铁矿的3He/4He值为1.6±0.1Ra~1.8±0.1Ra,40Ar/36Ar值为750~3106,均显示混合来源特征。幔源He所占比例为20%~22%,表明幔源流体可能参与了成矿过程。焦家金矿成矿与燕山晚期中国东部强烈的壳幔相互作用密切相关。
The Jiaojia gold deposit is a typical representative altered rock type gold deposit in the Jiaodong Peninsula, with a gold reserve of more than 200 tons. The distribution of the vein-like orebodies is controlled by the Jiaojia Fault. The potash feldspathization, beresitization, silicification and carbonization are well developed in the country rock. Pyrite is the main gold-bearing mineral in the ore. The hydrothermal metallogenic period can be divided into four stages:(i) pyrite-quartz stage; (ii) gold-quartz-pyrite stage; (iii) gold-quartz-polymetallic sulfide stage; and (iv) quartz-carbonate stage. In this paper, we collected nine pieces of drilling hole samples at different depths (-600~-1100m) from the No. I orebody of Jiaojia deeply-seated gold deposit. The trace elements and S-He-Ar isotopic compositions of the pyrites in these samples are analyzed, and the compositions, properties and sources of their ore-forming fluids are discussed. It is found that the pyrites of the No. I orebody are light yellow, with strong metallic luster, euhedral-granular or hypidiomorphic-granular textures, and they ocuured as disseminated grains with sizes of 50~1000μm or veined assemblages in sericitized cataclastic rocks, which are taken as minerals of the gold-quartz-pyrite metallogenic stage (ii). The contents of their REE are relatively low and enriched in LREE, with ΣREE of 3.27×10-6~38.5×10-6, δCe values of 0.81~1.05, δEu values of 0.67~1.43 and the ratios of Th/La, Nb/La less than 1, indicating the ore-forming fluids might be Cl-rich reduced fluids. The Co/Ni ratios of the pyrites range from 0.54 to 1.57, with an average value of 0.99, these ratios are close to average values of those from metamorphic-hydrothermal type gold deposit. The Y/Ho ratios range from 21.9 to 35.5, coincident with the mantle (25~30) and the continental crust of eastern China (20~35), indicating that the ore-forming fluids were related to the crust-mantle interaction. The Y/Ho, Zr/HF and Nb/Ta values vary in a wide range, indicating that the metasomatism or the addition of external hydrothermal solution. Compared with the continental crust, pyrite is rich in chalcophile elements and siderophile elements such as Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Co, Ni, and depleted of high field strength elements (HFSE). The δ34S values of the pyrites in the Jiaojia deeply-seated gold deposit vary within a range between 7.5 ‰ and 9.8 ‰, with an average value of 8.7 ‰, which is lower than that of shallow deposit, showing the characteristics of decreasing δ34S value from shallow to deep. The sulfur isotopic compositions of the Jiaodong gold deposits are similar as a whole, the δ34S values of most deposits are positive, and vary mainly in the range of 6‰~12‰. The source of δ34S is related to the ancient metamorphic basement rocks, Mesozoic granites and mantle-derived fluids. The published data showed that the variations of the δ34S values in this area are in this order:quartz vein type < sulfide quartz vein type < altered rock type, which means that the difference of metallogenic type is the most important factor causing the different sulfur isotopic compositions. The 3He/4He values of the pyrites are 1.6±0.1Ra~1.8±0.1Ra, and their 40Ar/36Ar values are 750~3106, showing the characteristics of a mixed source. The proportion of mantle-derived helium is 20%~22%, which indicate that mantle-derived fluids are involved in the metallogenic process. The mineralization of the Jiaojia gold deposit is closely related to the strong crust-mantle interaction in eastern China in the Late Yanshanian Period.