The incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing year by year, and surgical treatment is still the main treatment. The protection of intraoperative parathyroid gland is still one of the main problems in surgical treatment. The nanocarbon lymphatic tracer can accurately locate the thyroid and its peripheral lymph nodes, and the negative development of the parathyroid glands can effectively protect the parathyroid glands, thereby reducing the rate of parathyroidism. In recent years, nanocarbon has been used in thyroid cancer reoperation and laparoscopic thyroid cancer surgery because of its many advantages. This paper gives a brief review of the application progress of nanocarbon in the protection of parathyroid glands during thyroid cancer surgery.