Ultrasound elastography acquires relevant tissue elasticity information through tissue response to pressure, making up for traditional medical imaging modes such as X-ray, ultrasound imaging (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT). The lack of flexibility is widely used in many fields because of its non-invasive, simple and fast advantages. This technology has achieved certain results in the quantification and identification of chronic liver disease, thyroid cancer and breast cancer. Ultrasound elastography also plays a vital role in musculoskeletal examination. Shear wave elastography (SWE) is a promising diagnostic method for musculoskeletal system, which can monitor muscle changes in real time and has become a research hotspot in medical elastography. Therefore, this article will focus on the research progress of SWE technology in muscle, tendon, nerve and other musculoskeletal systems and the field of traditional Chinese medicine.