Currently, tartary buckwheat is increasingly becoming a research hotspot due to its role in regulating glucolipid metabolism. The major chemical composition of tartary buckwheat includes multiple amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and flavonoids. Tartary buckwheat can be used as an alternative to reduce blood glucose and lipid levels and to improve insulin resistance. Flavonoids and proteins in tartary buckwheat have been recognized to be related to the improvement of glucolipid metabolism, which can improve glucose metabolism via inhibiting α-glucosidase activity and enhancing insulin sensitivity and improve lipid metabolism via bile salt absorption and regulating lipid metabolism pathways. This paper summarizes the material basis and mechanism for the regulation of tartary buckwheat on glucolipid metabolism and discusses future research directions and application prospects. It is expected to provide an impetus for further research and application of tartary buckwheat and provide new insights into the prevention and early treatment of obesity, hyperlipemia and diabetes.