In order to study the atmospheric PM_2.5 pollution characteristics and sources in winter and spring in Changchun City, environmental samples were successively collected from 2018-01-06—2018-05-14, we analyzed inorganic elements and water-soluble anions in PM_2.5. The results show that the average mass concentration of PM_2.5 in Changchun City during the sampling period is (46.4±24.4) μg/m³, and the average mass concentration in winter and spring is (51.0±25.8) μg/m³ and (32.6±11.5) μg/m³, respectively. The rate of exceeding the standard is 11%, all of them occur in winter. The mass concentration of PM_2.5 is low and remains stable during the Spring Festival（2018-02-15—2018-02-21）. The mass concentration of all water-soluble anions and some inorganic elements (Al,As,Pb,Se and Ti) are higher in winter than that of in spring. The inorganic elements mainly come from coal combustion, traffic pollution and fugitive dust. The NO^-₃ and SO^2-₄ in PM_2.5 are the result of the combined action of vehicle exhaust and coal combustion, and the latter plays a more important role. The main sources of PM_2.5 in winter and spring are secondary aerosol (28.2%), soil dust (12.6%), traffic emissions (10.7%), coal combustion and industrial dust (28.6%), industrial dust and others (19.8%).