In this study, the structural parameters of the blade and blade mounting plate of horizontal green walnut peeling machine were determined through design and calculation, and the analysis model of the blade and blade mounting plate was established via UG three-dimensional model software, and the static analysis and modal analysis of the blade and blade mounting plate were carried out by ANSYS finite element analysis software, aiming to analyze structural strength and mechanical properties of the core components such as the blade and blade mounting plate in horizontal green walnut peeling machine. Results showed that the blade and blade mounting plate could realize both the conveying function of green walnuts and cutting function of the blade to green peels. The deformation at the edge of the blade was the largest, and the maximum value was 0.509 mm. The stress and strain values of the blade were the largest, and the maximum value was 114.7 MPa when the blade was bent at 0°. The maximum equivalent stress during working process was much smaller than the yield strength of the material. The first three natural frequencies of the blade and blade mounting plate obtained by modal analysis were 466.99 Hz, 1 206.8 Hz, and 2 199.7 Hz, respectively. The working frequency of the mechanism was much smaller than the natural frequency of analyzed parts, and the structure of the blade and blade mounting plate could meet the requirements of strength and rigidity, and there would be no resonance problems during working process. These results could provide a theoretical basis for the development of chain plate conveying mechanism of horizontal green walnut peeling machine.