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ISSN:0304-4165
2019年第1863卷第2期

Background

Membrane proteins constitute a major group of proteins and are of great significance as pharmaceutical targets, but underrepresented in the Protein Data Bank. Particular reasons are their low expression yields and the constant need for cautious and diligent handling in a sufficiently stable hydrophobic environment substituting for the native membrane. When it comes to protein crystallization, such an environment is often established by detergents.

Scope of review

In this review, 475 unique membrane protein X-ray structures from the online data bank “Membrane proteins of known 3D structure” are presented with a focus on the detergents essential for protein crystallization. By systematic analysis of the most successful compounds, including current trends in amphiphile development, we provide general insights for selection and design of detergents for membrane protein crystallization.

Major conclusions

The most successful detergents share common features, giving rise to favorable protein interactions. The hydrophile-lipophile balance concept of well-balanced hydrophilic and hydrophobic detergent portions is still the key to successful protein crystallization. Although a single detergent compound is sufficient in most cases, sometimes a suitable mixture of detergents has to be found to alter the resulting protein-detergent complex. Protein crystals with a high diffraction limit involve a tight crystal packing generally favored by detergents with shorter alkyl chains.

General significance

The formation of well-diffracting membrane protein crystals strongly depends on suitable surfactants, usually screened in numerous crystallization trials. The here-presented findings provide basic criteria for the assessment of surfactants within the vast space of potential crystallization conditions for membrane proteins.

关键词:
Key words: Surfactants ; Detergents ; Non-detergents ; Octyl glucoside ; Dodecyl maltoside ; Vapor diffusion ; AO ; Aminoxides ; ASO ; Alkyl sulfoxides ; α-DDM ; α-UDM ; bR ; Bacteriorhodopsin ; 2 ; 2 ; BP ; β-Sheet peptide ; CAPS ; Cyclohexyl-3-aminopropane sulfonic acid ; CAPSO ; Cyclohexyl-3-amino-2-hydroxypropane sulfonic acid ; CDL ; CHAPS ; 3-([3’-Cholamidopropyl]dimethylammonio)-1-propanesulfonate ; CHAPSO ; 3-([3’-Cholamidopropyl]dimethylammonio)-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonate ; C-Hega-10 ; C-Hega-11 ; CHS ; Cholesteryl hemi-succinate, succinic acid monocholesterol ester ; CMC ; Critical micellar concentration ; CMP-Sia ; Cytidine-5′-monophosphate-sialic acid transporter ; CSC ; Critical solubilization concentration ; CTAB ; Cetyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide ; Cymal-1 ; Cymal-4 ; Cymal-5 ; Cymal-6 ; Cymal-6-NG ; Cymal-7 ; C4Cn ; Calyx[4]arene-based detergent ; C8E4 ; n-Octyl tetraoxyethylene ; C10E5 ; n-Decyl pentaoxyethylene ; C10E6 ; n-Decyl hexaoxyethylene ; C12E7 ; n-Dodecyl heptaoxyethylene ; C12E8 ; n-Dodecyl octaoxyethylene ; C12E9 ; n-Dodecyl nonaoxyethylene ; DAGK ; Diacyl glycerol kinase ; DDAO ; DDM ; DDPO ; Dimethyldecylphosphine oxide ; Deoxy BIG CHAP ; DGDG ; DHPC ; DM ; DMNG ; DMPC ; DOPC ; DPC ; DPPC ; DPPE ; DPPG ; DS ; DTM ; FA-3 ; FOM ; Fos-Choline-ISO-9 ; 2,6-Dimethyl-4-heptyl phosphocholine ; Fos-Choline-ISO-11-6U ; 2,8-Dimethyl-5-non-6-enyl phosphocholine ; Fos-Choline-8 ; fluorinated, (1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-Perfluorooctyl) phosphocholine ; Fos-Choline-9 ; n-Nonyl phosphocholine ; Fos-Choline-10 ; n-Decyl phosphocholine ; Fos-Choline-12 ; n-Dodecyl phosphocholine ; Fos-Choline-14 ; n-Tetradecyl phosphocholine ; GDN ; Glycodiosgenin ; GNG ; Glucose neopentyl glycol ; GPC ; Hega-10 ; Hega-11 ; HF-TAC ; Hemi-fluorinated surfactant ; HLB ; Hydrophile-lipophile balance ; HPG ; HPTG ; HXDAO ; HXG ; Jeffamine-M600 ; LAPAO ; LDAO ; LeuT ; Leucine transporter ; LHI-RC ; Light-harvesting and reaction center superassembly ; LG ; LMAB ; LMNG ; LPD ; Lipopeptide detergent ; LTM ; Lyso-PC ; Lyso-PE ; MelB ; Melibiose permease ; MNA ; Mannitol-based amphiphile ; MNG ; Maltose neopentyl glycol ; MPD ; 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol ; NBM ; Norbornane-based maltosides ; NDSB-256 ; Non-detergent sulfobetaine-256, Dimethylbenzylammonium propane sulfonate ; NG ; n-Nonyl β-D-glucopyranoside ; NM ; NTM ; OG ; OGal ; OGNG ; OHESO ; n-Octyl-2-hydroxyethylsulfoxide ; OM ; OTG ; OTM ; PA ; PC ; PDC ; Protein-detergent complex ; PE ; PEE ; Pentaerythritol ethoxylate ; PEG ; Poly(ethylene glycol) ; PFOS ; Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid ; PG ; PI ; PO ; Phosphine oxides ; 5/4 PO/OH ; Pentaerythritol propoxylate ; POPC ; POPE ; POPG ; PS ; PVP ; SB3-12 ; SDS ; Sodium dodecyl sulfate ; SQR ; Succinate:quinone oxidoreductase ; TDDG ; TFA ; Tandem facial amphiphiles ; TMAO ; TNM ; Tandem neopentyl glycol maltoside ; Tri-DM ; Triton X-100 ; 4-(1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl)phenyl-nona/decaethylene glycol ; Triton X-114 ; 4-(1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl)phenyl-hepta/octaethylene glycol ; TTAB ; tetradecyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide ; Tween-20 ; Polyethylene glycol (20) sorbitan monolaurate ; Tween-80 ; Polyethylene glycol (20) sorbitan monooleate ; UDAO ; UDM ; UDTM ; XMA ; Xylene-linked maltoside amphiphile
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ISSN:0304-4165
2019年第1863卷第2期

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