The aim of the present study is to elucidate the relationship between UGT2B7 and UGT2C1 genes and PH3 resistance of Tribolium castaneum. To achieve this goal, the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and RNA interference (RNAi) technologies were used to analyze the expression patterns of UGT2B7 and UGT2C1 genes, as well as the changes of PH3 sensitivity after these two genes were silenced respectively. The results of qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of UGT2B7 and UGT2C1 genes were significantly increased in phosphine resistant population (SZ), with 2.70 and 5.90 times than the susceptible population (YN) of Tribolium castaneum. Then, we found that phosphine could significantly induce the expression of UGT2B7 genes in both resistant and susceptible populations of Tribolium castaneum. Regarding for UGT2C1 gene, its expression levels were significantly decreased and increased in susceptible and resistant populations respectively under phosphine exposures in Tribolium castaneum. When UGT2B7 and UGT2C1 genes were silenced separately by RNAi, the mortality of Tribolium castaneum in resistant and susceptible populations increased by 30.7%-37.3% and 24.0%-33.3%, respectively. In conclusion, the current study suggested that UGT2B7 and UGT2C1 genes are involved in phosphine resistance in T.castaneum, and their specific mechanisms need to be further explored.