Using panel data from A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock market in China from 2010 to 2022, this study employs a two-way fixed effects model to examine the synergistic effects of digital technology (DT) applications on pollution emissions (PE) and carbon emission (CE) reduction, as well as the moderating role of Chief Digital Officer (CDO). The results indicate that the application of DT significantly reduces PE and CE by enhancing green technology innovation (GTI) and improving ESG performance, with the establishment of CDO strengthening this effect. Heterogeneity tests reveal that the synergistic effects of PE and CE reduction are more pronounced in small and medium-sized enterprises, non-heavy pollution industries, and those located in the eastern regions. In light of these findings, it is recommended to strengthen ESG performance assessment, further intensify the application of DT, and encourage GTI.