Using the plane-strain anisotropic rate-related elasto-plastic constitutive model and the ideal isotropic elasto-plastic constitutive model, the thermal shock wave propagation induced by X-ray irradiation in carbon fiber-reinforced phenolic-aluminum plate is simulated by finite element method. The results show that under the irradiation of X-ray of 1keV, the penetration depth is small, the material surface is gasified, and the peak stress values are high; but under the irradiation of X-ray of 3keV, the penetration depth is much increased, the thermal shock wave takes a double-wave shape, and the delamination phenomenon is more significant.