The purpose of the current study was to assess the anatomic and functional correlates of voice quality in tracheoesophageal speech, with dynamic imaging studies of the neoglottis. Videofluoroscopy (providing a lateral view), digital high-speed endoscopy (providing a "birds-eye" view), and their relationships with perceptual evaluations of voice quality were investigated. Several significant relationships were found. Imaging with videofluoroscopy revealed that the following anatomic and functional parameters (established during phonation) are related to voice quality: presence of a neoglottic bar, regurgitation of barium, tonicity of the neoglottis, and minimal neoglottic distance. Furthermore, the index of the increase of the maximal subneoglottic distance from rest to phonation also showed a significant relationship with voice quality. Imaging with digital high-speed endoscopy revealed features relevant to voice quality, including amount of saliva, visibility of the origin of the neoglottis, shape of the neoglottis, and regularity of the vibration. Knowledge of the anatomic and functional correlates of tracheoesophageal voice quality provides prerequisite information for future (phono-) surgical and/or clinical improvements to the voice quality of postlaryngectomy (prosthetic) voice production.