Essential oils from the leaves of two cultivars of sweet potato have been investigated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with the help of two chemometric resolution methods, heuristic evolving latent projections and selective ion analysis, and use of temperature-programmed retention indices. The overall volume integration technique was used for quantitative analysis. Eighty-four and forty-five components, accounting for 89.39 and 98.08% of the oils, were tentatively identified in the two cultivars. Thirty-four components were identical in both cultivars. Major constituents of Shuiguo were germacrene D (21.83%), germacrene B (15.17%), caryophyllene (12.44%), and n-hexadecanoic acid (11.24%). Caryophyllene (28.73%), γ-muurolene (13.07%), and β-caryophyllene epoxide (9.04%) were the major components of Xiangshu-17. These results indicate the method is suitable for analysis of the two-dimensional data obtained from essential oils.