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以赤藓糖醇为原料,采用硝硫混酸硝化,制备了1,2,3,4-丁四醇四硝酸酯(ETN)。采用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、差热扫描量热法(DSC)以及感度试验方法研究了ETN的微观形貌、结构特征、热分解特性、爆轰性能和感度特性。结果表明,ETN呈无规则薄片状,具有硝酸酯基炸药的结构特点。在DSC曲线中有一个熔化吸热峰和一个宽化的放热峰,热分解活化能为187.05 kJ·mol-1。理论计算得到ETN的生成焓(506.9 kJ·mol-1)、爆速(8467.3 m·s-1)、爆热(8492 J·g-1)和爆压(34.5 GPa)。ETN的特性落高H50为18.1 cm、摩擦爆炸百分数为68%、5 s延滞期的爆发点为208.86℃,感度高于太安(PETN)(H50=25.3 cm)。
1, 2, 3, 4-Erythrityl tetranitrate(ETN) was prepared by using erythritol as raw material and the fuming nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid as nitrating agent and catalyst, respectively. It was characterized by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and sensitivity tests. Results show that ETN is random lamelliform and has an endothermic peak (melt) and a broadening exothermic peak in thermal decomposition and its activation energy is 187.05 kJ·mol-1. The theoretical calculation shows the formation heat is 506.9 kJ·mol-1, and detonation velocity is 8467.3 m·s-1, and detonation heat is 8492 J·g-1, and detonation pressure is 34.5 GPa. The H50 of ETN is 18.1 cm, the frictional explosive percent is 68% and the 5 s explosive point is 208.86 ℃, which is more sensitivity than PETN.
