There are increasing concerns about contamination of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) due to extensive uses of antibiotics in livestock and poultry breeding industries. After having induced in animal guts, antibiotic resistance bacteria are excreted via feces and then enter into soil environment through horizontal gene transfers, thus increasing the risk of ARGs propagation in soil and groundwater. It is unknown whether composting, a traditional method for utilization of animal wastes, could eliminate ARGs. This article summarized the current pollution situation of ARGs in livestock manure, and reviewed the changes of microbial community structure and their influencing factors and the dynamics of ARGs during composting. It is recommended that composting could be used as an effective way to reduce ARGs. During composting, high temperature could effectively kill antibiotic resistance bacteria and plasmids. Also chemical inhibitors such as lime nitrogen, amine and benzopyrrole could directly diminish enteric microorganisms, thus decreasing the abundance of ARGs. It is necessary to carry out a comprehensive research on ARGs removal through composting to mitigate the propagation of ARGs in the environment.