知识与财富的链接
本文应用1977～2013年乌鲁木齐机场12月~次年(2014年)3月逐时地面观测资料,应用相关气候统计方法探求乌鲁木齐机场雾天气的出现时间及其变化特征,并以大雾集中度(FCD)和大雾集中期(FCP)来表征大雾天气累计出现时间的非均匀性特征,结果表明：⑴1977~2013年,乌鲁木齐机场雾累计出现时间呈明显的上升趋势,大雾的上升速率大于浓雾的上升速率,且大雾天气中浓雾的比率逐年下降;且机场雾的持续时间以低于6h为主;⑵机场雾分为三个阶段：少发期(1977~1991)、调整期(1992~2001)、高发期(2002~2013),且机场雾的突变时间就发生在本世纪00年代初期(2001/2002年);⑶机场大雾累计出现时间和能见度大小有明显的负相关关系,且日变化显著：一天内有两个非常明显的转折时间段,分别为1:00~2:00、和14:00~15:00,即3:00~13:00为一天内易发大雾时间段,14:00~23:00为一天内能见度较好时间段;⑷机场大雾的发生时间相对集中,集中度相对较高。近37a来大雾集中度呈下降趋势,尤其是进入大雾高发期以后,大雾发生次数显著增加,且大雾平均持续时间变化不大,集中度较低;机场大雾集中发生的12月和1月,以周为时间单位计算时,在2002年以前,大雾最多发生在12月第四周;2002以后,大雾最多发生时间开始后移至次年1月份第一周。
The purpose of this study is to investigate the variation and temporal distribution of the fog in Urumqi Airport. By using relevant climate statistical method, the hourly ground observation data from 1977 to 2013(Jan, Feb, Mar, Nov and Dec) was analyzed. The heterogeneity characteristics of the heavy fog for accumulative time were expressed by FCD (Fog-Concentration Degree) and FCP (Fog-Concentration Period). The results showed that: 1) The occurrence of fog significantly increased during 1977 and 2013, and theSrising rateSofSfog is larger than the dense fog’, well the fog share of dense fog enterprises decreased. The Duration of fog is mainly less than 6h. 2) There are three stages of the airport fog in the 36 years, less-fog period (1977~1991) adjustment-fog period (1992~2001) and more-fog period(2002~2013);3) There was a negative correlation between the occurrence of heavy fog and the visibility and the variation was significant; 4) The concentration ratio of airport fog occurrence time was high and decreased over time, especially in the more-fog period, the airport fog happened more frequently but the concentration ratio was low. Airport fog focused occurred in December and January, especially in the 4th week in December and the 1st week in January. Before 2002,the fog most centralized in the fourth week of December and after 2002, the FCP move to the first week in January.