We report a simple strategy to prepare Tween 60@2β-CD self-assembly vesicles in aqueous solution as a new drug delivery carrier for cancer chemotherapy. The spherical shape of vesicles was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and mean particle sizes were about 33.7?nm, as measured by dynamic light scattering, micro-IR results indicated that the self-assembly vesicles was driven by hydrogen bonding. Hydrophilic doxorubicin (DOX) was successfully loaded into the self-assembly vesicles with drug loading content of 7.85% and loading efficiency of 42%. In addition, an in vitro cytotoxicity study and cellular uptake assays demonstrated that the DOX-loaded Tween 60@2β-CD vesicles markedly enhanced the cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of DOX toward the Hela cells. Furthermore, when used to evaluate the in vivo therapeutic efficacy in mice bearing the breast cell line (4T1), DOX-loaded vesicles exhibited superior inhibition of tumor growth compared with the DOX solutions.