Based on comprehensive data composed of remote sensing images, regional geological survey and earth stress analysis and using the analytical method of remote sensing geology, earth dynamics and geological environment evolution, the authors carried out multilayered systematic research on background structures (regional structures) - rock mass structures (partial structures) - dam area structures (local structures) of the Yangtze Gorges project, ascertained the evolution process of geological structural environment and its variation regularity, discovered the mutual transition relationship between multi-level structural sequence and multi-level structural stress field, and pointed out that the resonance effect caused by regional stress field, reservoir load stress field and peripheral mining uninstall stress field seems to be the greatest latent throat to engineering safe running and long-periodic engineering life-span. The results obtained by the authors provide a scientific basis for such aspects as large-scale engineering optimized management, engineering disaster risk prevention and rational policy-making for national construction.