[Objective] To understand the effect of the Morchella white mold on soil fungal community structure. [Methods] Illumina MiSeq high throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the fungal community structure of control soil, rhizosphere soil of diseased and healthy Morchella. [Results] The results showed that a total of 393 347 valid sequences were obtained from 9 samples collected. The fungal abundance and diversity of control soil were the highest among all the samples, followed by that of diseased Morchella, which were significantly higher than that of healthy Morchella. The community composition and dominant taxa of different samples varied significantly. [Conclusion] The diversity of soil fungi decreased in the field of cultivated Morchella. While, the occurrence of white mold disease lead the abundance of rhizosphere fungi increased, the community structure changed, and the dominant fungi groups varied.