Due to a huge rural population and the large amount of domestic water usage, there is evident difference in time and space at water usage of rural areas. The paper studied the characters of rural domestic water usage and its principle ,witch is the important foundation of science plan and management for rural water usage and sewage treatment. Based on the spot check on the national rural domestic water usage, it chose four influence factors such as family status, levels of economic development, infrastructure and lifestyle, and eight specific influence indexes in total ,and use gray system to analyze the rural domestic water usage and its influence factors. The results showed that the average living space and income per capita, bathing style are the most important factors influencing the rural residential water usage. While developing plans for water usage and sewage treatment, these factors witch affect water usage and sewage treatment should be fully considered and reasonably predicted, and combined scenario of regional development. Meantime, to implement the residence water-saving projects, strengthen publicity of water-saving, cultivate water-saving habits and improve the infrastructure of rural water usage have important significance for enhancing the benefit of rural water usage and reducing the contradiction of water resources in rural areas.