This paper provides a comprehensive, critical review of the most important research progress of atmospheric boundary layer structure, atmospheric turbulence, regional and local air pollution modeling in the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences during the past ten years. Experimental? theoretical and numerical study of convective and stable boundary under complex surface condition, dynamical study of chaotic characteristics of coherent and intermittent turbulence, and numerical study of long range (east Asia) and short range (urban) air pollution prediction models are emphasized in detail.